Materials		Tests	IS codes	Description	Extra
Cement ***		Consistency Test		1) 33 Grade OPC (IS 269) 2) 43 Grade OPC (IS 8112) 3) 53 Grade OPC (IS 12269) 4) Rapid Hardening Portland cement (IS 8041) 5) Portland slag cement (IS 455) 6) PPC {fly ash based} (IS 1489 – Part 1) 7) PPC {calcined clay based} (IS 1489 – Part 2) 8) Hydrophobic cement (IS 8043) 9) Low Heat Portland cement (IS 12600) 10) Sulphate Resisting Portland cement (IS 12330)
		I.S.T.	IS 4031 (Part 5)
		F.S.T.	IS 4031 (Part 5)
Concrete ***		Cube Compression Test ***		Properties	Durability IS: 456 – 2000.
				Increase of strength with age
		Slump Test ***		Tensile strength of concrete
				Elastic deformation
				Modulus of elasticity Ec = 5000 X (fck)1/2
				Shrinkage
				Creep of concrete
				Thermal expansion
Mineral Admixtures			IS 9103	1) Pozzolanas
				2) Fly ash	Gr. 1 (IS 3812)
				3) Silica fume
				4) Rice husk ash
				5) Metakaoline
				6) Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag	IS 12089
Steel (Reinforce-ment)	TOR steel	% Elongation ***	IS 1608-1995	(a) Mild steel & medium tensile steel bars. (IS 432 – Part 1) (b) High strength deform steel bars (IS 1786) (c) Hard-drawn steel wire fabric (IS 1566) (d) Structural steel-Grade A (IS 2062)	IS 456 – 2000 use for; spacing, lapping, anchoring etc.
	Mild steel	% Elongation ***	IS 1786
	Aluminium	Anodic coat	IS 5523
Natural sand *** (Fine aggregate)		Silt content ***	IS 383-1970
		% passing
Bricks ***		Water absorption Test	IS 3495 (Part I-IV)
		Compressive strength
Water		Potable water	IS 3025
Aggregate *** (Course aggregate) (IS : 282)		Aggregate Impact value	IS 383
		Flakiness Index ***

IS codes for EARTHQUAKE Resistant Structures

 

Sr. No.	IS Codes	Description
1)	IS 1893 : 2002	Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures. Part 1 – General provisions & buildings.
2)	IS 4326 : 1993	Earthquake resistant design & construction of buildings – code of Practice.
3)	IS 13920 : 1993	Ductile detailing of Reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces. Code of Practice.

 

Requirements of Reinforcing Bars

 

Types of reinforcement	Characteristic strength (yield stress or 0.2% proof stress) N/mm2	Ultimate tensile stress, N/mm2	Minimum elongation on guage length of 5.65 X \/¯(c/s area) (In %)
Mild steel Grade I	255 236 231 211	412   373	20-23   20-23
Medium tensile steel	353 348 323	538	17-20
Cold work deformed bars	415     500	15% more than the actual 0.2% proof stress 10% more than the actual 0.2% proof stress	14.5     12
Hot rolled deformed bars	412	15% higher than the yield stress	14.5
SAIL-MA of grades 300 HY 350 HY 410 HY	300 350 410	440-560 490-610 540-660	20 20 19

 

Note: SAIL means "Steel Authority of India Ltd."

SAIL-MA = High strength micro alloy structural steel.

 

 

 

 

**Strength of concrete at any age may be obtained by the formula**

 

f_t = {t/(a+bt)} X f₂₈

f_t = strength of concrete at 't' days.

f₂₈ = strength of concrete at 28 days

a = 4.7 & b = 0.833; empirical constants.

 

 

Unit Weight of Building Materials

 

Sr. No.	Item	SI unit
1)	A.C. sheet 6 mm thick 7 mm thick	0.12 – 0.13 kN / m2 0.14 – 0.16 kN / m2
2)	Bricks Broken Common	14.5 kN / m3 16 – 19.2 kN / m3
3)	Cement Ordinary Portland Rapid hardening	14.4 kN / m3 12.8 kN / m3
4)	Cement concrete Plain Reinforced	24 kN / m3 25 kN / m3
5)	Glass Lime concrete	27 kN / m3 19.2 kN / m3
6)	Mortar Cement Lime	20.8 kN / m3 16.18 kN / m3
7)	Plaster Cement Lime	20.8 kN / m3 17.6 kN / m3
8)	Steel	78.5 kN / m3
9)	Stone Broken ballast Basalt Granite Laterite Marble Sand	16 – 19.2 kN / m3 28.5 – 29.6 kN / m3 26.4 – 28 kN / m3 20.8 – 24 kN / m3 27.2 kN / m3 22.4 – 24 kN / m3
10)	Timber	6 – 10 kN / m3
11)	Water Fresh Sea	10 kN / m3 10.25 kN / m3
12)	Ceiling plaster Finishing plaster	0.25 kN / m2 0.2 – 0.25 kN / m2
13)	Flooring 25 mm tiles without screeding 25 mm tiles with screeding Bitumen macadam 10 mm thick 75 mm thick Brick bat concrete	0.20 kN / m2 0.50 kN / m2 0.22 kN / m2     1.5 kN / m2
14)	Partitions 100 mm brick Timber studding Plaster G.I. sheets A.C. sheets Lath plaster	1.95 kN / m2   1.0 kN / m2 0.15 kN / m2 0.12 – 0.156 kN / m2 0.4 kN / m2
15)	Walling brick masonry	19.2 kN / m3
16)	Stone masonry Ashlar Lime stone Marble Sand stone Dry rubble	26.4 kN / m3 25.6 kN / m3 27.0 kN / m3 22.4 kN / m3 21.0 kN / m3
17)	Hollow block 100 mm thick 200 mm thick 300 mm thick	1.4 kN / m2 2.4 kN / m2 3.4 kN / m2
18)	Roofing A.C. sheet G.I. sheet Mangalore tiles with battens	0.5 kN / m2 0.2 kN / m2 0.65 kN / m2

 

Assumed Standard Deviation

Grade of concrete	Assumed Standard Deviation (N/mm2)
M 10	3.5
M 15	3.5
M 20	4.0
M 25	4.0
M 30	5.0
M 35	5.0
M 40	5.0
M 45	5.0
M 50	5.0

 

Spacing of Reinforcement:

 

(A) Minimum horizontal distance between individual bars:

 

(a) The horizontal distance between two parallel main reinforcing bars shall usually be not less than the greatest of the following.

(1) Diameter of the bar if diameter are equal.

(2) Diameter of largest bar if diameter are unequal.

(3) 5 mm more than that nominal size of aggregate.

 

(b) Greater horizontal distance than the minimum specified in (a) above should be provided wherever possible. However when needle vibrators are used the above distance may be reduced to 2/3 of nominal maximum size of the course aggregate, provided that sufficient space is left between groups of bars to enable the vibrator to be immersed.

 

(c) When bars are in rows, the minimum vertical distance would be the greater of the following:

[1] 15 mm.

[2] 2/3 nominal size of aggregate.

[3] Maximum size of bar.

 

(B) Maximum horizontal distance between tension bars:

 

Beam:

Steel	Clear distance
Mild steel	Not greater than 300 mm
Fe 415	Not greater than 180 mm
Fe 500	Not greater than 150 mm

 

Slabs:

Main steel – 3d or 300 mm whichever is smaller.

Distribution steel – 5d or 450 mm whichever is smaller.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cover to the Reinforcements:

 

NOMINAL COVER TO REINFORCEMENT FOR MILD CONDITIONS OF EXPOSURE

 

Cover for	Minimum cover against
	Corrosion (mm)	Slippage
Column bar ø < 12 mm	25	Ø
Column bar ø > 12 mm	40	Ø
Main bars in beams & slabs (general)	25	Ø
In beams ø < 12 mm	15	Ø
In general ø < 12 mm	15	Ø
Foundation members	50	Ø
End of main bars	25	2Ø

Note: Ø = diameter of bar

 

DIAMETER & SPACING & NUMBER OF BARS

 

1. Slab:- Main steel   Distribution steel	Ø (mm) 8, 10, 12, 16   6,8,10,12	Spacing (mm) 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 125, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450 150, 160, 180, 200, 220, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450
2. Rectangular beams:- Main steel	Ø (mm)   12,16,20,25,28, 30,32	Number   2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
3. T-Beam: - Main steel	Ø (mm) 12,16,18,20,25,	Number 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
4. Stirrups: -	Ø (mm) 6, 8, 10, 12	Spacing (mm) 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 125, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200
5. Column: - Main steel	Ø (mm) 12, 16, 18, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32	Number 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
6. Links: -	Ø (mm) 6, 8, 10, 12	Spacing (mm) 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 220, 240, 250, 260, 280, 300

 

 

 

 

FREQUENCY OF TESTS

 

Material	Test	Test Procedure	Minimum	Frequency
Lime	Chemical & physical properties of lime	IS – 6932	5 M. ton	10 mt. or part thereof
Sand	(a) Silt Content   (b) Bulking   (c) Particle size distribution	Field   Field   Field	20 m3   20 m3   40 m3	20 m3 or part thereof 20 m3 or part thereof Every 40 m3 required in RCC work
Stone	(a) Soft & deleterious Materials (b) Particle size distribution	IS – 2336 (Part – II)	45 m3.	As required     Every 45 m3 or part thereof for RCC work. For rest of work as required
Cement concrete or RCC	1. Slump   2. Cube strength		20 m3 in slab, beams & connected columns	Once a day or desired Every 20 m3 of days concrete     Every 5 m3 in column.
			5 m3 in column concrete
Bricks	1. Dimensions         2. Water absorption & Efflorescence 3. Compressive strength		Designation 100 75) 50) 1,00,000 35)	Every 50,000 or part thereof. Every 1,00,000 or part thereof   One test for source of manufacture. 50,000 or part thereof.   Two tests for 1st lot of 1,00,000 & one test later for every 2 lakhs & part thereof
			75) 50) 1,00,000 35)
			100 – 50,000     75) 50) 1,00,000 35)
Brick tiles	(a) Compressive strength, absorption, dimension (b) Efflorescence		50,000       50,000	For 50,000 or part thereof     One test per source
Marble	(a) Moisture absorption (b) Mhos scale hardness	IS – 1124	Rs. 10,000/- (Value) 1 m3	Rs. 10,000/- or part (Value) Every 1 m3 and part
Aluminium	Thickness of anodic coating	IS : 5523 – 1969	Rs. 10,000/-	Rs. 10,000/- or part thereof.
Mortise locks	Testing of springs		50 nos.	100 or part thereof.
Steel	(a) Tensile strength (b) Bend strength	IS – 1529	20 tons   20 tons	Every 20 ton or part Every 20 ton or part
Terrazzo	(1) Transverse   (2) Water absorption (3) Abrasion test	IS – 1237   IS – 1237   IS – 1237	2000 tiles   2000 tiles   2000 tiles	2000 tiles or part. 2000 tiles or part. 2000 tiles or part.
White glazed tiles	(1) Water absorption test (2) Crazing   (3) Impact	IS – 777   IS – 777   IS – 777	3000 nos.   3000 nos.   3000 nos.	3000 nos. or part. 3000 nos. or part. 3000 nos. or part.
Flush door	(1) End immersion (2) Knife (3) Adhesion	IS – 2202	22 – 65 66 – 100 101 – 180 181 – 300 301 – 500 501 – above	Destructive tests. No. of shutters 1 2 2 3 4 5

 

Timber permissible moisture content as per IS: 286 – 1973

 

LIST OF INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

Sr. No.	Title	IS
1)	Aggregates, Coarse & Fine, From Natural sources {for concrete (second revision)}	383 – 1970
2)	Sand for masonry mortars	2116 – 1965
3)	Sand for plaster (first revision)	1542 – 1977
4)	Common burnt clay building bricks (third revision)	1077 – 1976
5)	Masonry Cement (first revision)	3466 – 1967
6)	Ordinary & low heat Portland cement (third revision)	269 – 1976
7)	Portland – Pozzolana cement (second revision)	1489 – 1976
8)	White Portland cement (first revision)	8042 – 1978
9)	Plane & reinforced concrete, code of practice (third revision)	456 – 1978
10)	Strength of concrete	516 – 1959
11)	Aluminium doors, windows & ventilators	1948 – 1961
12)	Collapsible gates	10521 – 1983
13)	Wooden flush door shutters Part – I Plywood face panels (4th revision)	2202 (Part 1) – 1980
14)	Laying of mosaic parquet flooring, code of practice	9472 – 1980
15)	Building limes (second revision)	712 – 1973
16)	Measurement of building & civil engineering works, method: Part – I Earthwork (third revision)	1200 (part) – 1974
17)	Asbestos cement building pipes & pipe fittings, gutter & gutter fittings & roofing fittings:	1626 (Part 1) 1980
18)	Asbestos cement pipes & fittings for sewerage & drainage	6908 – 1975
19)	Salt – glazed stoneware pipes & fittings (4th revision)	651 – 1980
20)	Material constants in building works	10067 – 1982
21)	Application of lime plaster finish, code of practice	2394 – 1965
22)	Glazing of buildings, code of practice	2394 – 1965
23)	Painting asbestos cement building products, code of practice	3140 – 1965
24)	Painting of ferrous metals in buildings, code of practice: Part I Pretreatment (1st revision)	1477 (Part II) –1971
25)	Painting of non ferrous metals in buildings, code of practice: Part I Pretreatment	2524 (Part I) – 1968
26)	White washing & colour-washing, code of practice	6278 – 1971
27)	Plywood for concrete shuttering work (1st revision)	4990 – 1981
28)	Bending & fixing of bars for concrete reinforcement, code of practice	2502 – 1963
29)	Cold-worked steel high strength deformed bars for concrete reinforcement (2nd revision)	1786 – 1979
30)	Fabric for concrete reinforcement, hard drawn steel wire (2nd revision)	1566 – 1981
31)	Construction involving use of hot bituminous materials, safety code	5916 – 1970
32)	Demolition of buildings, safety code (1st revision)	4130 – 1976
33)	Erection of concrete framed structures, safety code	8989 – 1978
34)	Excavation work, safety code	3764 – 1966
35)	Pilling & other deep foundations, safety code	5121 – 1969
36)	Scaffolds & ladders, safety code : Part I Scaffolds	3696 (Part I) 1966
	Part II Ladders	3696 (Part II) 1966
37)	Working with construction machinery, safety code	7293 – 1974
38)	Coarse aggregates for water bound macadam (First revision)	6579 – 1981
39)	Glazed earth ware tiles (1st revision)	777 – 1970
40)	BALLIES for general purpose (1st revision)	3337 – 1978
41)	Maximum permissible moisture content for timber used for different purpose, recommendations (2nd revision)	287 – 1973
42)	Application of cement & cement-lime plaster finishes code of practice for (1st revision)	1661 – 1972
43)	Brickwork, code of practice	2212 – 1962
44)	Preparation & use of masonry mortars, code of practice (first revision)	2250 – 1981
45)	Structural safety of buildings: masonry walls, code of practice (2nd revision)	1905 – 1980
46)	Integral cement waterproofing compounds (1st revision)	2645 – 1975
47)	Laying of asbestos cement pressure pipes, code of practice	6530 – 1972
48)	Laying of cast iron pipes, code of practice	3114 – 1965
49)	Laying of concentrated pipes, code of practice	783 – 1959
50)	Laying of glazed stoneware pipes, code of practice	4172 – 1983
51)	Sanitary pipe work above ground for buildings, code of practice (1st revision)	5329 – 1983
52)	Water supply in buildings, code of practice (second revision)	2065 – 1983
53)	Brackets & supports, cast iron for wash basins & sinks (2nd revision)	775 – 1970
54)	Ferrules for water services (1st revision)	2692 – 1978
55)	Flush valves & fittings for W.C. & Urinals	9758 – 1981
56)	Flushing cisterns for urinals automatic (1st revision)	774 – 1984
57)	Grating, cast iron, for drainage purposes	5961 – 1970
58)	Pillar taps for water supply purposes (2nd revision)	1795 – 1982
59)	Vitreous sanitary appliances (vitreous china): Part I General requirements (2nd revision)	2556 (Part I) 1974
	Part II Specific requirements of wash down water closets (3rd revision)	2556 (Part II) 1981
	Part III Specific requirements of squatting, pans (3rd revision)	2556 (Part III) 1981
	Part IV Specific requirements of wash basin (2nd revision)	2556 (Part IV) 1972
	Part V Specific requirements of laboratory sinks (2nd revision)	2556 (Part V) 1979
	Part VI Specific requirements of Urinals, section 1 Bowl type (3rd revision)	2556 (Part VI) 1979
60)	Water meter boxes (domestic type) (1st revision)	2104 – 1981
61)	Water meters (domestic types) (5th revision)	779 – 1978
62)	Glazing in buildings, code of practice for	3548 – 1966
63)	Glossary of terms applicable to acoustics in buildings	9736 – 1981
64)	Glossary of terms applicable to landscape & horticultural work (1st revision)	4919 – 1981
65)	Lime	BIS : 712
66)	Field tests for Lime	BIS : 1624
67)	M.S. Reinforcements	BIS : 432
68)	Deformed bar	BIS : 113
69)	Steel wire fabric	BIS : 1566
70)	Surkhi	BIS : 1344
71)	Steel windows	BIS : 220
72)	Flooring tiles	BIS : 1237
73)	Glazed tiles	BIS : 777
74)	Putty for glazing	BIS : 420
75)	Asbestos pipe & fittings	BIS : 459
76)	C. I. G. Sheets	BIS : 277
77)	Fixing accessories	BIS : 730
78)	Coach Screws	BIS : 1120
79)	Plastering	BIS : 1661
80)	Tile polishing	BIS : 1443
81)	Terrazzo flooring	BIS : 2114
82)	White Glazed Tiles in flooring	BIS : 777
83)	Oxychloride Flooring Cast Iron Grid Tiles	BIS : 210
84)	Synthetic Resins	BIS : 851
85)	Paneled doors / windows	BIS : 226

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DEAD WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

 

Item		Weight
Bituminous Substances
	Anthracite coal	1550 Kg/m3
	Pear	750 Kg/m3
	Heavy charcoal	530 Kg/m3
	Coke	1200 Kg/m3
	Graphite	500 Kg/m3
	Crude oil	880 Kg/m3
	Pitch	1100 Kg/m3
	Coal tar	1200 Kg/m3
Excavated Materials
	Clay (dry)	1600 Kg/m3
	Clay (damp, plastic)	1760 Kg/m3
	Earth (dry, loose)	1200 Kg/m3
	Earth (Packed)	1520 Kg/m3
	Sand (dry, loose)	1440 – 1700 Kg/m3
	Sand (dry, packed)	1600 – 1900 Kg/m3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cube Test

 

Day's	Strength (N/mm2)
	M 20	M 25	M 30	M 35	M 40	M 45	M 50
3*	8.33	10.42	12.5	14.59	16.67	18.75	20.84
4	9.96	12.45	14.94	17.43	19.92	22.41	24.90
5	11.28	14.10	16.92	19.74	22.56	25.38	28.20
6	12.37	15.47	18.56	21.65	24.75	27.84	30.93
7*	13.29	16.62	19.94	23.26	26.59	29.91	33.24
8	14.08	17.60	21.12	24.64	28.16	31.68	35.20
9	14.76	18.45	22.14	25.83	29.52	33.20	36.89
10	15.35	19.19	23.02	26.86	30.67	34.54	38.37
11	15.87	19.84	23.80	27.77	31.74	35.71	39.67
12	16.33	20.41	24.50	28.58	32.66	36.74	40.83
13	16.74	20.93	25.11	29.30	33.49	37.67	41. 86
14	17.11	21.39	25.67	29.95	34.23	38.50	42.78
15	17.45	21.81	26.17	30.53	34.89	39.26	43.62
16	17.75	22.19	26.62	31.06	35.50	39.94	44.38
17	18.03	22.53	27.04	31.55	36.05	40.56	45.07
18	18.28	22.85	27.42	32	36.56	41.13	45.70
19	18.51	23.14	27.77	32.40	37.02	41.65	46.28
20	18.73	23.41	28.09	32.77	37.45	42.13	46.82
21	18.92	23.66	28.39	33.12	37.85	42.58	47.31
22	19.11	23.89	28.66	33.44	38.22	43	47.77
23	19.27	24.10	28.92	33.74	38.56	43.38	48.20
24	19.44	24.30	29.16	34.02	38.88	43.74	48.60
25	19.59	24.49	29.38	34.28	39.18	44.07	48.97
26	19.73	24.66	29.59	34.52	39.46	44.39	49.32
27	19.86	24.82	29.79	34.75	39.72	44.68	49.65
28*	20	25	30	35	40	45	50

NOTE - Practically only 3^rd, 7^th & 28^th day's strengths are going to be

calculated.